Animals have allergies just like people, but their symptoms differ. Humans usually react to allergens by sneezing, wheezing or other respiratory problems, where as dogs usually react with skin problems. The coat condition changes; they scratch, chew and lick. Itching and scratching can cause hot spots and self mutilation. Other common symptoms include ear infections, diarrhea and digestive problems.

Dog allergies fall into 3 categories:

FAD flea allergy dermatitis: caused by the flea saliva
Atopy: inhalants including grass or tree pollen
Food allergies: caused by an ingredient in the dog food.

 

  

FAD
FAD causes severe itching that is caused by a reaction to proteins in the flea’s saliva. A single flea bite can cause intense itching.  Dogs will chew themselves raw, causing hot spots or hair loss and skin infections. It is essential to control the fleas.  Luckily there are some very efficient products on the market now a days, and a once a month topical application is all that is needed to control the fleas. Of course you’d need to treat any other dogs and cats in the house.

There is no “cure” for FAD, but strict flea control will control the problem

Atopy

Certain substances can cause an allergic reaction in dogs as with people including pollen, dust mites and molds. Symptoms may include scratching, biting, chewing and constant licking mostly on the feet, face, flanks, groin and armpits. Some dogs develop ear infections.

The skin may thicken, becoming greasy and start to smell. Hot spots may develop and can be followed by infections. Treatment may consist of symptomatic treatment including medicated and non-medicated baths, prescribed cortisone sprays or creams and antibiotics.

There is allergy testing available, immunotherapy (allergy shots), corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory, which can have side effects) and antihistamines. Environment control and omega 3 and 6 fatty acids can be helpful for some dogs. It is important to never medicate your dog without consulting your veterinarian.

Atopy is confirmed through elimination. Parasites, bacteria and yeast and food allergies need to be ruled out.

Again there is no cure but prevention by removing the allergy source.

Food Allergies/sensitivities

Food allergies primarily manifest with itchy skin, ear infections, hair loss, excessive scratching, licking front paws and diarrhea.

Animals can develop allergies to substance overtime, even if the diet has not changed. Food quality is irrelevant; it is the ingredients in the food. Some of the more common ingredients that dogs are allergic to include beef, pork, chicken, milk, whey , fish, corn soy, wheat and preservatives

In order to diagnose a food allergy, all possible allergens must be completely eliminated from the diet. Usually a homemade diet made with ingredients the dog has never eaten before is fed to the dog for at least 8-12 weeks. It should consist of starch and protein, ie lamb, rabbit or venison mixed with 2 parts rice or potatoes. Nothing else must be fed to the dog during this time. Gradually one ingredient can be added at a time to see if a reaction occurs.

If your pet has an allergy, there should be a reduction in symptoms with the homemade diet. Add a single ingredient to the diet every week or two watching for symptoms and you will figure out the ingredient that your dog is allergic to.